The review highlights the pharmacological profiles (including mode of action) and phytochemical profiles of six different species of the genus Barleria, among 26–32 species found in India. Barleria prionitis is mentioned in classical Indian texts such as Charak Samhita and Sushruta Samhita and is used to treat a variety of ailments by India's various ethnic tribes. The other species, apart from B. prionitis, discussed herewith, are well documented for their medicinal values among ethnic people across India. Many of the phytoconstituents isolated from these species of Barleria are the same, explaining the chemotaxonomy of the genus. Some of these phytochemicals may provide a promising lead for new drugs and the formulation of them into a dosage form. The phytoconstituents have been linked to their pharmacological profiling, which has been explained by the structure-activity relationship.
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